\u00dcr\u00fcn nedir:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\u00dcr\u00fcn, devletin bir y\u0131l boyunca tek ba\u015f\u0131na<\/strong> ve yaln\u0131zca kendi ba\u015f\u0131na \u00fcretti\u011fi (\u00fcretti\u011fi) her \u015feyi ifade eder. A\u00e7\u0131k olan\u0131 unutmay\u0131n: \u0130thalat yerli \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131 de\u011fildir, ihracat \u00f6yledir. Konuyu daha da geni\u015fletece\u011fiz. <\/p>\n\u00d6rnekler:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n- K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir A \u00fclkesinde, y\u0131lda 10.000 somun ekmek \u00fcreten 10 ki\u015fi var ve yaln\u0131zca somun ekmek \u00fcretiyor. Ekmekler yaln\u0131zca yerel hammaddelerden (un, maya, su, elektrik vb.) \u00fcretilmektedir. Her bir ekme\u011fin fiyat\u0131 10 NIS\u2019dir. A \u00fclkesinin GSY\u0130H\u2019si 100.000 NIS\u2019dir (10 NIS * 10.000 somun). <\/li>\n
- K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck B \u00fclkesinde, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ithal edilen 30.000 NIS de\u011ferindeki mayan\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, yerel hammaddelerden y\u0131lda 12.000 somun ekmek \u00fcreten 10 ki\u015fi de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Her ekme\u011fin fiyat\u0131 \u2013 10 NIS. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Bu eyaletin ekmeklerinde de belirtildi\u011fi gibi devletin kendi da\u011f\u0131tmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ithalat bile\u015feni var ve bu nedenle GSYH\u2019ye dahil edilemiyor. Her bir ekme\u011fin maliyeti 10 NIS. Bu \u00fclkenin ekmeklerinde de belirtildi\u011fi gibi \u00fclkenin kendi ba\u015f\u0131na \u00fcretmedi\u011fi bir ithalat bile\u015feni var ve bu nedenle GSY\u0130H\u2019ye dahil edilemiyor. <\/p>\n
B \u00fclkesinin GSY\u0130H\u2019si \u015fu \u015fekilde hesaplan\u0131r: \u00dcretilen ekme\u011fin toplam de\u011feri: 120.000 NIS yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ithal edilen mayan\u0131n de\u011feri eksi 30.000<\/u> NIS<\/u> B \u00fclkesinin toplam GSY\u0130H\u2019si 90.000 NIS\u2019dir. <\/p>\n
B \u00fclkesi A \u00fclkesinden daha fazla ekmek \u00fcretiyor ancak ithalat bile\u015feni nedeniyle GSY\u0130H\u2019si A \u00fclkesinden daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck.<\/p>\n
L\u00fctfen unutmay\u0131n: GSY\u0130H ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00fcr\u00fcn kelimesinin anlam\u0131, yaln\u0131zca bir \u00fclkede \u00fcretilen \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn o \u00fclkede \u00fcretilen toplam \u00fcr\u00fcn i\u00e7indeki k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nUlusal katma de\u011fer<\/strong><\/h2>\n\u0130ktisat\u00e7\u0131lar, GSMH ba\u011flam\u0131nda katma de\u011fer<\/strong> terimini, devletin baz\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00fcretimindeki katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 parasal terimlerle ifade etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n- Bir marangoz 1000 NIS tutar\u0131nda bir masa haz\u0131rlad\u0131. \u00dcretimi i\u00e7in 400 NIS de\u011ferinde odun ithal etmesi gerekiyordu. Katma de\u011fer 600 NIS\u2019ye e\u015fittir. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
\n- Bir elmas parlat\u0131c\u0131, 1.000 NIS de\u011ferinde ham elmas ithal etti. Cilalad\u0131 ve 1.200 NIS\u2019ye satt\u0131. Katma de\u011fer 200 NIS\u2019ye e\u015fittir. \u00dclkenin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00fcretti\u011fi t\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin (ve hizmetlerin) toplam katma de\u011feri GSY\u0130H\u2019dir. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
GSY\u0130H hesaplamas\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\nGSY\u0130H\u2019yi hesaplaman\u0131n 2 yolu vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yol 1: A ve B k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fclkelerinde modelleyip hesaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin katma de\u011ferine g\u00f6re.<\/p>\n
Yol 2: Firmalar\u0131n \u00fccret ve karlar\u0131na g\u00f6re hemen sunaca\u011f\u0131z ve \u00f6rneklerle a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Her iki yol da ayn\u0131 madalyonun iki y\u00fcz\u00fc oldu\u011fundan ayn\u0131 sonucu verir. Bir a\u00e7\u0131klama bekleyin. <\/p>\n
Maa\u015f ve kar\u0131 birle\u015ftiren bir \u00f6rnek:<\/strong><\/h4>\nK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00fclkede C. 11 ki\u015fi y\u0131lda 10.000<\/strong> somun ekmek \u00fcretiyor. Ekme\u011fin fiyat\u0131 10 NIS\u2019dir. Moshe Mochna \u201cTycon\u201d isimli sakinlerden biri, \u201cHava Latferat\u201d ad\u0131nda bir \u00e7iftli\u011fin sahibi ve modern bir f\u0131r\u0131na sahip. \u00c7iftlik, ekme\u011fi pi\u015firmek i\u00e7in gereken t\u00fcm malzemeleri yeti\u015ftiriyor ve \u00fcretiyor (ithalata gerek yok). <\/p>\nDi\u011fer 10 sakinin tamam\u0131 firmada i\u015f\u00e7idir. \u015eirket y\u0131lda sadece 10 ay \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. 2 yaz ay\u0131 boyunca kapal\u0131d\u0131r ve i\u015f\u00e7iler hastal\u0131k iznine (\u00fccretsiz izin) \u00e7\u0131kar. Her i\u015f\u00e7i ayda 100 somun ekmek \u00fcretir ve 900 NIS (somun ba\u015f\u0131na 9 NIS. \u00dccreti i\u015f adam\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirlenir) kazan\u0131r. i\u015f\u00e7iler birlikte ayda 1.000, y\u0131lda ise 10.000 somun ekmek \u00fcretiyor ve 90.000 NIS (somun ba\u015f\u0131na 9 NIS) kazan\u0131yorlar. Para 9.000 somun ekmek almaya yetiyor (ekmek fiyat\u0131 \u2013 10 NIS). <\/p>\n
Firman\u0131n 10.000 NIS de\u011ferinde 1.000 somun ekme\u011fi var. Bu onun y\u0131ll\u0131k kar\u0131. \u0130\u015f adam\u0131, 1.000 somundan 5.000 NIS de\u011ferinde 500 somun t\u00fcketiyor. Kom\u015fu bir \u00fclkeye 4.000 NIS de\u011ferinde 400 somun ihra\u00e7 eder ve 1.000 NIS de\u011ferinde 100 somunu depolar (tasarruf eder). <\/p>\n
C \u00fclkesinin GSY\u0130H\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 iki \u015fekilde hesaplamak<\/strong><\/h4>\nY\u00f6ntem A\u2019ya milli gelir<\/strong> denir ve firmalar\u0131n toplam maa\u015flar\u0131 + k\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131n toplanmas\u0131ndan elde edilir.<\/p>\nY\u00f6ntem B denir: k\u0131sa kullan\u0131mlarda<\/strong> GSY\u0130H kullan\u0131mlar\u0131<\/strong> ve kullan\u0131mlar\u0131n de\u011ferinin GSY\u0130H\u2019de toplanmas\u0131yla elde edilir (ekmek t\u00fcketimi + tasarruf + ihracat).<\/p>\nA yolunda [milli gelir] sonu\u00e7 \u2013 100.000 NIS (maa\u015flar 90,00 NIS + firmalar\u0131n kar\u0131 10.000 NIS).<\/p>\n
B yolunda sonu\u00e7 100.000 NIS\u2019dir (ekmek, i\u015f\u00e7iler ve i\u015f adamlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketimi \u2013 95.000 NIS, tasarruf 1.000 NIS ve ihracat 4.000 NIS).<\/p>\n
[mks_highlight color=\u201d#eeee22\u2033]GSMH = milli gelir = kullan\u0131mlar[\/mks_highlight]<\/h2>\nkaynaklar ve kullan\u0131mlar<\/strong><\/h3>\nkaynaklar<\/strong><\/h4>\nAsl\u0131nda her modern \u00fclkenin ekonomik faaliyetinin kaynaklar\u0131 ikidir:<\/p>\n
\n- GSY\u0130H<\/strong> \u2013 \u00fclkenin kendi ba\u015f\u0131na \u00fcretti\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcn<\/li>\n
- \u0130thalat<\/strong> \u2013 di\u011fer \u00fclkelerden al\u0131nan bir \u00fcr\u00fcn<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Toplam kaynaklar \u015funlard\u0131r: GSY\u0130H + ithalat.<\/p>\n
kullan\u0131r<\/strong><\/h4>\nKullan\u0131mlar\u0131 birka\u00e7 kategoriye ay\u0131rmak gelenekseldir:<\/p>\n
\n- \u00d6zel t\u00fcketim<\/strong> (\u00f6rne\u011fin: ekmek, s\u00fct, konut al\u0131m\u0131, apartman bak\u0131m\u0131 vb.)<\/li>\n
- Kamu t\u00fcketimi<\/strong> (h\u00fck\u00fcmet bakanl\u0131klar\u0131 ve kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan t\u00fcm hizmetler)<\/li>\n
- Yat\u0131r\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri<\/strong> (\u00f6rne\u011fin: firmalara y\u00f6nelik makineler, ekipman ve binalar.)<\/li>\n
- \u0130hracat<\/strong> (\u00fclkede \u00fcretilen ve ihracatta kullan\u0131lan t\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcn ve hizmetler)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Kaynaklar ve kullan\u0131mlar aras\u0131nda e\u015fitlik vard\u0131r. \u00d6nceki paragrafta g\u00f6sterdi\u011fimiz ve a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi, burada da devletin elindeki toplam kaynaklar, bunlardan yap\u0131lan kullan\u0131mlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir d\u00fczeydedir. <\/p>\n
[mks_highlight color=\u201d#eeee22\u2033]GSY\u0130H + ithalat = \u00f6zel t\u00fcketim + kamu t\u00fcketimi + yat\u0131r\u0131mlar + ihracat[\/mks_highlight]<\/h3>\n
\u0130\u00e7e aktarma bile\u015fenini denklemin sa\u011f taraf\u0131ndan sol taraf\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131rsak \u015funu elde ederiz:<\/p>\n
[mks_highlight color=\u201d#eeee22\u2033]GSY\u0130H = \u00f6zel t\u00fcketim + kamu t\u00fcketimi + yat\u0131r\u0131mlar + [ihracat \u2013 ithalat][\/mks_highlight]<\/h3>\nModern \u00fclkelerde GSY\u0130H<\/strong><\/h2>\nPrensip d\u00fczeyinde, 11 n\u00fcfuslu ilkel bir \u00fclkenin GSY\u0130H\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamak, milyonlarca n\u00fcfusu, milyonlarca \u00fcr\u00fcn ve hizmeti, onlarca devlet dairesi olan bir kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, \u00e7e\u015fitli devlet kurumlar\u0131 olan modern bir \u00fclkenin GSY\u0130H\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamaya benzer. vergiler, har\u00e7lar ve har\u00e7lar ve di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok faaliyet. Aradaki fark, binlerce farkl\u0131 kaynaktan al\u0131nan verilerin toplanmas\u0131 ve i\u015flenmesinin pratik boyutundad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Hesaplama i\u015fi, bu konuda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f Merkezi \u0130statistik B\u00fcrosu\u2019na (CBS) emanet edilmi\u015ftir. Nihai verilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00f6rneklere, tahminlere ve sekt\u00f6r ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r (Bu elbette ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir meslektir). . <\/p>\n
GSY\u0130H\u2019n\u0131n faydal\u0131 hesaplanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bilgi kaynaklar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\u00d6zel t\u00fcketim<\/strong> \u2013 firmalar\u0131n halka sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\nKamu t\u00fcketimi<\/strong> \u2013 kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn maa\u015flar\u0131 + sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sat\u0131n al\u0131mlara dayanmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin: polis ve ordu i\u00e7in ara\u00e7lar, u\u00e7aklar, devlet hastaneleri i\u00e7in hastane yataklar\u0131, ofis ekipmanlar\u0131, temizlik hizmetleri vb. <\/p>\nYat\u0131r\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri<\/strong> \u2013 firmalar\u0131n al\u0131mlar\u0131na ve stoklar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fikliklere dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\u0130hracat<\/strong> \u2013 \u015firketlerin raporlar\u0131na g\u00f6re.<\/p>\n\u0130thalat<\/strong> \u2013 g\u00fcmr\u00fck raporlar\u0131na g\u00f6re.<\/p>\nVerilerin \u00e7o\u011fu HLM\u2019nin y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6rneklere dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130srail\u2019in son y\u0131llardaki GSY\u0130H verileri<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nToplam GSYH<\/u><\/td>\n Yakla\u015f\u0131k 400 milyar dolar<\/u><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n\u00f6zel t\u00fcketim<\/td>\n yakla\u015f\u0131k %55\u2019ini olu\u015fturur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nkamu t\u00fcketimi<\/td>\n yakla\u015f\u0131k %23\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nyat\u0131r\u0131mlar<\/td>\n yakla\u015f\u0131k %22\u2019sini olu\u015fturur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \ni\u00e7e aktarmak<\/td>\n yakla\u015f\u0131k %30\u2019unu olu\u015fturur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nihracat<\/td>\n yakla\u015f\u0131k %30\u2019unu olu\u015fturur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nihracat-ithalat<\/td>\n yakla\u015f\u0131k %0\u2019\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nToplam br\u00fct maa\u015flar<\/td>\n yakla\u015f\u0131k %70\u2019ini olu\u015fturur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nFirmalar\u0131n toplam br\u00fct kar\u0131<\/td>\n yakla\u015f\u0131k %30\u2019unu olu\u015fturur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nB\u00fcy\u00fcme<\/strong> \u2013 \u00f6rne\u011fin, GSY\u0130H 1. y\u0131lda 100 NIS ve 2. y\u0131lda 105 NIS oldu\u011funda, GSYH\u2019nin %5 b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yleriz.<\/p>\nNegatif b\u00fcy\u00fcme<\/strong> \u2013 \u0130kinci y\u0131lda GSY\u0130H k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011funda, GSY\u0130H\u2019n\u0131n geriledi\u011fini veya GSYH\u2019de negatif b\u00fcy\u00fcme<\/strong> oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleriz.<\/p>\ntekrar ve m\u00fckemmellik<\/strong><\/h2>\n\u00dclkedeki herhangi bir i\u015f biriminin (limited \u015firket, ortakl\u0131k, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, esnaf vb.) her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 GSYH\u2019ye dahildir. GSY\u0130H parayla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in, finansal \u00f6deme gerektirmeyen faaliyetleri GSY\u0130H\u2019ye dahil etme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur, \u00f6rne\u011fin: bir ev han\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fi, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak \u00f6deme yap\u0131lmadan yap\u0131lan i\u015fler ve ayr\u0131ca bir tesisat\u00e7\u0131ya makbuz olmadan \u00f6deme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 vb. Ayr\u0131ca GSY\u0130H\u2019ya herhangi bir Devlet bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve t\u00fcm kanatlar\u0131ndaki kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn faaliyetleri de dahildir. <\/p>\n
GSYH teorik olarak ayn\u0131 sonuca ula\u015fan 2 farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemle hesaplanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnekler:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n- K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir A \u00fclkesinde, y\u0131lda 10.000 somun ekmek \u00fcreten 10 ki\u015fi var ve yaln\u0131zca somun ekmek \u00fcretiyor. Ekmekler yaln\u0131zca yerel hammaddelerden (un, maya, su, elektrik vb.) \u00fcretilmektedir. Her bir ekme\u011fin fiyat\u0131 10 NIS\u2019dir. A \u00fclkesinin GSY\u0130H\u2019si 100.000 NIS\u2019dir (10 NIS * 10.000 somun). <\/li>\n
- K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck B \u00fclkesinde, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ithal edilen 30.000 NIS de\u011ferindeki mayan\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, yerel hammaddelerden y\u0131lda 12.000 somun ekmek \u00fcreten 10 ki\u015fi de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Her ekme\u011fin fiyat\u0131 \u2013 10 NIS. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Bu eyaletin ekmeklerinde de belirtildi\u011fi gibi devletin kendi da\u011f\u0131tmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ithalat bile\u015feni var ve bu nedenle GSYH\u2019ye dahil edilemiyor. Her bir ekme\u011fin maliyeti 10 NIS. Bu \u00fclkenin ekmeklerinde de belirtildi\u011fi gibi \u00fclkenin kendi ba\u015f\u0131na \u00fcretmedi\u011fi bir ithalat bile\u015feni var ve bu nedenle GSY\u0130H\u2019ye dahil edilemiyor. <\/p>\n
B \u00fclkesinin GSY\u0130H\u2019si \u015fu \u015fekilde hesaplan\u0131r: \u00dcretilen ekme\u011fin toplam de\u011feri: 120.000 NIS yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ithal edilen mayan\u0131n de\u011feri eksi 30.000<\/u> NIS<\/u> B \u00fclkesinin toplam GSY\u0130H\u2019si 90.000 NIS\u2019dir. <\/p>\n
B \u00fclkesi A \u00fclkesinden daha fazla ekmek \u00fcretiyor ancak ithalat bile\u015feni nedeniyle GSY\u0130H\u2019si A \u00fclkesinden daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck.<\/p>\n
L\u00fctfen unutmay\u0131n: GSY\u0130H ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00fcr\u00fcn kelimesinin anlam\u0131, yaln\u0131zca bir \u00fclkede \u00fcretilen \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn o \u00fclkede \u00fcretilen toplam \u00fcr\u00fcn i\u00e7indeki k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nUlusal katma de\u011fer<\/strong><\/h2>\n\u0130ktisat\u00e7\u0131lar, GSMH ba\u011flam\u0131nda katma de\u011fer<\/strong> terimini, devletin baz\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00fcretimindeki katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 parasal terimlerle ifade etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n- Bir marangoz 1000 NIS tutar\u0131nda bir masa haz\u0131rlad\u0131. \u00dcretimi i\u00e7in 400 NIS de\u011ferinde odun ithal etmesi gerekiyordu. Katma de\u011fer 600 NIS\u2019ye e\u015fittir. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
\n- Bir elmas parlat\u0131c\u0131, 1.000 NIS de\u011ferinde ham elmas ithal etti. Cilalad\u0131 ve 1.200 NIS\u2019ye satt\u0131. Katma de\u011fer 200 NIS\u2019ye e\u015fittir. \u00dclkenin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00fcretti\u011fi t\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin (ve hizmetlerin) toplam katma de\u011feri GSY\u0130H\u2019dir. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
GSY\u0130H hesaplamas\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\nGSY\u0130H\u2019yi hesaplaman\u0131n 2 yolu vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yol 1: A ve B k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fclkelerinde modelleyip hesaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin katma de\u011ferine g\u00f6re.<\/p>\n
Yol 2: Firmalar\u0131n \u00fccret ve karlar\u0131na g\u00f6re hemen sunaca\u011f\u0131z ve \u00f6rneklerle a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Her iki yol da ayn\u0131 madalyonun iki y\u00fcz\u00fc oldu\u011fundan ayn\u0131 sonucu verir. Bir a\u00e7\u0131klama bekleyin. <\/p>\n
Maa\u015f ve kar\u0131 birle\u015ftiren bir \u00f6rnek:<\/strong><\/h4>\nK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00fclkede C. 11 ki\u015fi y\u0131lda 10.000<\/strong> somun ekmek \u00fcretiyor. Ekme\u011fin fiyat\u0131 10 NIS\u2019dir. Moshe Mochna \u201cTycon\u201d isimli sakinlerden biri, \u201cHava Latferat\u201d ad\u0131nda bir \u00e7iftli\u011fin sahibi ve modern bir f\u0131r\u0131na sahip. \u00c7iftlik, ekme\u011fi pi\u015firmek i\u00e7in gereken t\u00fcm malzemeleri yeti\u015ftiriyor ve \u00fcretiyor (ithalata gerek yok). <\/p>\nDi\u011fer 10 sakinin tamam\u0131 firmada i\u015f\u00e7idir. \u015eirket y\u0131lda sadece 10 ay \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. 2 yaz ay\u0131 boyunca kapal\u0131d\u0131r ve i\u015f\u00e7iler hastal\u0131k iznine (\u00fccretsiz izin) \u00e7\u0131kar. Her i\u015f\u00e7i ayda 100 somun ekmek \u00fcretir ve 900 NIS (somun ba\u015f\u0131na 9 NIS. \u00dccreti i\u015f adam\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirlenir) kazan\u0131r. i\u015f\u00e7iler birlikte ayda 1.000, y\u0131lda ise 10.000 somun ekmek \u00fcretiyor ve 90.000 NIS (somun ba\u015f\u0131na 9 NIS) kazan\u0131yorlar. Para 9.000 somun ekmek almaya yetiyor (ekmek fiyat\u0131 \u2013 10 NIS). <\/p>\n
Firman\u0131n 10.000 NIS de\u011ferinde 1.000 somun ekme\u011fi var. Bu onun y\u0131ll\u0131k kar\u0131. \u0130\u015f adam\u0131, 1.000 somundan 5.000 NIS de\u011ferinde 500 somun t\u00fcketiyor. Kom\u015fu bir \u00fclkeye 4.000 NIS de\u011ferinde 400 somun ihra\u00e7 eder ve 1.000 NIS de\u011ferinde 100 somunu depolar (tasarruf eder). <\/p>\n
C \u00fclkesinin GSY\u0130H\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 iki \u015fekilde hesaplamak<\/strong><\/h4>\nY\u00f6ntem A\u2019ya milli gelir<\/strong> denir ve firmalar\u0131n toplam maa\u015flar\u0131 + k\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131n toplanmas\u0131ndan elde edilir.<\/p>\nY\u00f6ntem B denir: k\u0131sa kullan\u0131mlarda<\/strong> GSY\u0130H kullan\u0131mlar\u0131<\/strong> ve kullan\u0131mlar\u0131n de\u011ferinin GSY\u0130H\u2019de toplanmas\u0131yla elde edilir (ekmek t\u00fcketimi + tasarruf + ihracat).<\/p>\nA yolunda [milli gelir] sonu\u00e7 \u2013 100.000 NIS (maa\u015flar 90,00 NIS + firmalar\u0131n kar\u0131 10.000 NIS).<\/p>\n
B yolunda sonu\u00e7 100.000 NIS\u2019dir (ekmek, i\u015f\u00e7iler ve i\u015f adamlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketimi \u2013 95.000 NIS, tasarruf 1.000 NIS ve ihracat 4.000 NIS).<\/p>\n
[mks_highlight color=\u201d#eeee22\u2033]GSMH = milli gelir = kullan\u0131mlar[\/mks_highlight]<\/h2>\nkaynaklar ve kullan\u0131mlar<\/strong><\/h3>\nkaynaklar<\/strong><\/h4>\nAsl\u0131nda her modern \u00fclkenin ekonomik faaliyetinin kaynaklar\u0131 ikidir:<\/p>\n
\n- GSY\u0130H<\/strong> \u2013 \u00fclkenin kendi ba\u015f\u0131na \u00fcretti\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcn<\/li>\n
- \u0130thalat<\/strong> \u2013 di\u011fer \u00fclkelerden al\u0131nan bir \u00fcr\u00fcn<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Toplam kaynaklar \u015funlard\u0131r: GSY\u0130H + ithalat.<\/p>\n
kullan\u0131r<\/strong><\/h4>\nKullan\u0131mlar\u0131 birka\u00e7 kategoriye ay\u0131rmak gelenekseldir:<\/p>\n
\n- \u00d6zel t\u00fcketim<\/strong> (\u00f6rne\u011fin: ekmek, s\u00fct, konut al\u0131m\u0131, apartman bak\u0131m\u0131 vb.)<\/li>\n
- Kamu t\u00fcketimi<\/strong> (h\u00fck\u00fcmet bakanl\u0131klar\u0131 ve kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan t\u00fcm hizmetler)<\/li>\n
- Yat\u0131r\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri<\/strong> (\u00f6rne\u011fin: firmalara y\u00f6nelik makineler, ekipman ve binalar.)<\/li>\n
- \u0130hracat<\/strong> (\u00fclkede \u00fcretilen ve ihracatta kullan\u0131lan t\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcn ve hizmetler)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Kaynaklar ve kullan\u0131mlar aras\u0131nda e\u015fitlik vard\u0131r. \u00d6nceki paragrafta g\u00f6sterdi\u011fimiz ve a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi, burada da devletin elindeki toplam kaynaklar, bunlardan yap\u0131lan kullan\u0131mlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir d\u00fczeydedir. <\/p>\n
[mks_highlight color=\u201d#eeee22\u2033]GSY\u0130H + ithalat = \u00f6zel t\u00fcketim + kamu t\u00fcketimi + yat\u0131r\u0131mlar + ihracat[\/mks_highlight]<\/h3>\n
\u0130\u00e7e aktarma bile\u015fenini denklemin sa\u011f taraf\u0131ndan sol taraf\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131rsak \u015funu elde ederiz:<\/p>\n
[mks_highlight color=\u201d#eeee22\u2033]GSY\u0130H = \u00f6zel t\u00fcketim + kamu t\u00fcketimi + yat\u0131r\u0131mlar + [ihracat \u2013 ithalat][\/mks_highlight]<\/h3>\nModern \u00fclkelerde GSY\u0130H<\/strong><\/h2>\nPrensip d\u00fczeyinde, 11 n\u00fcfuslu ilkel bir \u00fclkenin GSY\u0130H\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamak, milyonlarca n\u00fcfusu, milyonlarca \u00fcr\u00fcn ve hizmeti, onlarca devlet dairesi olan bir kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, \u00e7e\u015fitli devlet kurumlar\u0131 olan modern bir \u00fclkenin GSY\u0130H\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamaya benzer. vergiler, har\u00e7lar ve har\u00e7lar ve di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok faaliyet. Aradaki fark, binlerce farkl\u0131 kaynaktan al\u0131nan verilerin toplanmas\u0131 ve i\u015flenmesinin pratik boyutundad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Hesaplama i\u015fi, bu konuda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f Merkezi \u0130statistik B\u00fcrosu\u2019na (CBS) emanet edilmi\u015ftir. Nihai verilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00f6rneklere, tahminlere ve sekt\u00f6r ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r (Bu elbette ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir meslektir). . <\/p>\n
GSY\u0130H\u2019n\u0131n faydal\u0131 hesaplanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bilgi kaynaklar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\u00d6zel t\u00fcketim<\/strong> \u2013 firmalar\u0131n halka sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\nKamu t\u00fcketimi<\/strong> \u2013 kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn maa\u015flar\u0131 + sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sat\u0131n al\u0131mlara dayanmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin: polis ve ordu i\u00e7in ara\u00e7lar, u\u00e7aklar, devlet hastaneleri i\u00e7in hastane yataklar\u0131, ofis ekipmanlar\u0131, temizlik hizmetleri vb. <\/p>\nYat\u0131r\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri<\/strong> \u2013 firmalar\u0131n al\u0131mlar\u0131na ve stoklar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fikliklere dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\u0130hracat<\/strong> \u2013 \u015firketlerin raporlar\u0131na g\u00f6re.<\/p>\n\u0130thalat<\/strong> \u2013 g\u00fcmr\u00fck raporlar\u0131na g\u00f6re.<\/p>\nVerilerin \u00e7o\u011fu HLM\u2019nin y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6rneklere dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130srail\u2019in son y\u0131llardaki GSY\u0130H verileri<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nToplam GSYH<\/u><\/td>\n Yakla\u015f\u0131k 400 milyar dolar<\/u><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n\u00f6zel t\u00fcketim<\/td>\n yakla\u015f\u0131k %55\u2019ini olu\u015fturur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nkamu t\u00fcketimi<\/td>\n yakla\u015f\u0131k %23\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nyat\u0131r\u0131mlar<\/td>\n yakla\u015f\u0131k %22\u2019sini olu\u015fturur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \ni\u00e7e aktarmak<\/td>\n yakla\u015f\u0131k %30\u2019unu olu\u015fturur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nihracat<\/td>\n yakla\u015f\u0131k %30\u2019unu olu\u015fturur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nihracat-ithalat<\/td>\n yakla\u015f\u0131k %0\u2019\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nToplam br\u00fct maa\u015flar<\/td>\n yakla\u015f\u0131k %70\u2019ini olu\u015fturur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nFirmalar\u0131n toplam br\u00fct kar\u0131<\/td>\n yakla\u015f\u0131k %30\u2019unu olu\u015fturur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nB\u00fcy\u00fcme<\/strong> \u2013 \u00f6rne\u011fin, GSY\u0130H 1. y\u0131lda 100 NIS ve 2. y\u0131lda 105 NIS oldu\u011funda, GSYH\u2019nin %5 b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yleriz.<\/p>\nNegatif b\u00fcy\u00fcme<\/strong> \u2013 \u0130kinci y\u0131lda GSY\u0130H k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011funda, GSY\u0130H\u2019n\u0131n geriledi\u011fini veya GSYH\u2019de negatif b\u00fcy\u00fcme<\/strong> oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleriz.<\/p>\ntekrar ve m\u00fckemmellik<\/strong><\/h2>\n\u00dclkedeki herhangi bir i\u015f biriminin (limited \u015firket, ortakl\u0131k, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, esnaf vb.) her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 GSYH\u2019ye dahildir. GSY\u0130H parayla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in, finansal \u00f6deme gerektirmeyen faaliyetleri GSY\u0130H\u2019ye dahil etme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur, \u00f6rne\u011fin: bir ev han\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fi, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak \u00f6deme yap\u0131lmadan yap\u0131lan i\u015fler ve ayr\u0131ca bir tesisat\u00e7\u0131ya makbuz olmadan \u00f6deme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 vb. Ayr\u0131ca GSY\u0130H\u2019ya herhangi bir Devlet bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve t\u00fcm kanatlar\u0131ndaki kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn faaliyetleri de dahildir. <\/p>\n
GSYH teorik olarak ayn\u0131 sonuca ula\u015fan 2 farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemle hesaplanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu eyaletin ekmeklerinde de belirtildi\u011fi gibi devletin kendi da\u011f\u0131tmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ithalat bile\u015feni var ve bu nedenle GSYH\u2019ye dahil edilemiyor. Her bir ekme\u011fin maliyeti 10 NIS. Bu \u00fclkenin ekmeklerinde de belirtildi\u011fi gibi \u00fclkenin kendi ba\u015f\u0131na \u00fcretmedi\u011fi bir ithalat bile\u015feni var ve bu nedenle GSY\u0130H\u2019ye dahil edilemiyor. <\/p>\n
B \u00fclkesinin GSY\u0130H\u2019si \u015fu \u015fekilde hesaplan\u0131r: \u00dcretilen ekme\u011fin toplam de\u011feri: 120.000 NIS yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ithal edilen mayan\u0131n de\u011feri eksi 30.000<\/u> NIS<\/u> B \u00fclkesinin toplam GSY\u0130H\u2019si 90.000 NIS\u2019dir. <\/p>\n
B \u00fclkesi A \u00fclkesinden daha fazla ekmek \u00fcretiyor ancak ithalat bile\u015feni nedeniyle GSY\u0130H\u2019si A \u00fclkesinden daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck.<\/p>\n
L\u00fctfen unutmay\u0131n: GSY\u0130H ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00fcr\u00fcn kelimesinin anlam\u0131, yaln\u0131zca bir \u00fclkede \u00fcretilen \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn o \u00fclkede \u00fcretilen toplam \u00fcr\u00fcn i\u00e7indeki k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u0130ktisat\u00e7\u0131lar, GSMH ba\u011flam\u0131nda katma de\u011fer<\/strong> terimini, devletin baz\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00fcretimindeki katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 parasal terimlerle ifade etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n GSY\u0130H\u2019yi hesaplaman\u0131n 2 yolu vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Yol 1: A ve B k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fclkelerinde modelleyip hesaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin katma de\u011ferine g\u00f6re.<\/p>\n Yol 2: Firmalar\u0131n \u00fccret ve karlar\u0131na g\u00f6re hemen sunaca\u011f\u0131z ve \u00f6rneklerle a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n Her iki yol da ayn\u0131 madalyonun iki y\u00fcz\u00fc oldu\u011fundan ayn\u0131 sonucu verir. Bir a\u00e7\u0131klama bekleyin. <\/p>\n K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00fclkede C. 11 ki\u015fi y\u0131lda 10.000<\/strong> somun ekmek \u00fcretiyor. Ekme\u011fin fiyat\u0131 10 NIS\u2019dir. Moshe Mochna \u201cTycon\u201d isimli sakinlerden biri, \u201cHava Latferat\u201d ad\u0131nda bir \u00e7iftli\u011fin sahibi ve modern bir f\u0131r\u0131na sahip. \u00c7iftlik, ekme\u011fi pi\u015firmek i\u00e7in gereken t\u00fcm malzemeleri yeti\u015ftiriyor ve \u00fcretiyor (ithalata gerek yok). <\/p>\n Di\u011fer 10 sakinin tamam\u0131 firmada i\u015f\u00e7idir. \u015eirket y\u0131lda sadece 10 ay \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. 2 yaz ay\u0131 boyunca kapal\u0131d\u0131r ve i\u015f\u00e7iler hastal\u0131k iznine (\u00fccretsiz izin) \u00e7\u0131kar. Her i\u015f\u00e7i ayda 100 somun ekmek \u00fcretir ve 900 NIS (somun ba\u015f\u0131na 9 NIS. \u00dccreti i\u015f adam\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirlenir) kazan\u0131r. i\u015f\u00e7iler birlikte ayda 1.000, y\u0131lda ise 10.000 somun ekmek \u00fcretiyor ve 90.000 NIS (somun ba\u015f\u0131na 9 NIS) kazan\u0131yorlar. Para 9.000 somun ekmek almaya yetiyor (ekmek fiyat\u0131 \u2013 10 NIS). <\/p>\n Firman\u0131n 10.000 NIS de\u011ferinde 1.000 somun ekme\u011fi var. Bu onun y\u0131ll\u0131k kar\u0131. \u0130\u015f adam\u0131, 1.000 somundan 5.000 NIS de\u011ferinde 500 somun t\u00fcketiyor. Kom\u015fu bir \u00fclkeye 4.000 NIS de\u011ferinde 400 somun ihra\u00e7 eder ve 1.000 NIS de\u011ferinde 100 somunu depolar (tasarruf eder). <\/p>\n Y\u00f6ntem A\u2019ya milli gelir<\/strong> denir ve firmalar\u0131n toplam maa\u015flar\u0131 + k\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131n toplanmas\u0131ndan elde edilir.<\/p>\n Y\u00f6ntem B denir: k\u0131sa kullan\u0131mlarda<\/strong> GSY\u0130H kullan\u0131mlar\u0131<\/strong> ve kullan\u0131mlar\u0131n de\u011ferinin GSY\u0130H\u2019de toplanmas\u0131yla elde edilir (ekmek t\u00fcketimi + tasarruf + ihracat).<\/p>\n A yolunda [milli gelir] sonu\u00e7 \u2013 100.000 NIS (maa\u015flar 90,00 NIS + firmalar\u0131n kar\u0131 10.000 NIS).<\/p>\n B yolunda sonu\u00e7 100.000 NIS\u2019dir (ekmek, i\u015f\u00e7iler ve i\u015f adamlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketimi \u2013 95.000 NIS, tasarruf 1.000 NIS ve ihracat 4.000 NIS).<\/p>\n Asl\u0131nda her modern \u00fclkenin ekonomik faaliyetinin kaynaklar\u0131 ikidir:<\/p>\n Toplam kaynaklar \u015funlard\u0131r: GSY\u0130H + ithalat.<\/p>\n Kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 birka\u00e7 kategoriye ay\u0131rmak gelenekseldir:<\/p>\n Kaynaklar ve kullan\u0131mlar aras\u0131nda e\u015fitlik vard\u0131r. \u00d6nceki paragrafta g\u00f6sterdi\u011fimiz ve a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi, burada da devletin elindeki toplam kaynaklar, bunlardan yap\u0131lan kullan\u0131mlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir d\u00fczeydedir. <\/p>\n \u0130\u00e7e aktarma bile\u015fenini denklemin sa\u011f taraf\u0131ndan sol taraf\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131rsak \u015funu elde ederiz:<\/p>\n Prensip d\u00fczeyinde, 11 n\u00fcfuslu ilkel bir \u00fclkenin GSY\u0130H\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamak, milyonlarca n\u00fcfusu, milyonlarca \u00fcr\u00fcn ve hizmeti, onlarca devlet dairesi olan bir kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, \u00e7e\u015fitli devlet kurumlar\u0131 olan modern bir \u00fclkenin GSY\u0130H\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamaya benzer. vergiler, har\u00e7lar ve har\u00e7lar ve di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok faaliyet. Aradaki fark, binlerce farkl\u0131 kaynaktan al\u0131nan verilerin toplanmas\u0131 ve i\u015flenmesinin pratik boyutundad\u0131r. <\/p>\n Hesaplama i\u015fi, bu konuda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f Merkezi \u0130statistik B\u00fcrosu\u2019na (CBS) emanet edilmi\u015ftir. Nihai verilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00f6rneklere, tahminlere ve sekt\u00f6r ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r (Bu elbette ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir meslektir). . <\/p>\n \u00d6zel t\u00fcketim<\/strong> \u2013 firmalar\u0131n halka sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kamu t\u00fcketimi<\/strong> \u2013 kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn maa\u015flar\u0131 + sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sat\u0131n al\u0131mlara dayanmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin: polis ve ordu i\u00e7in ara\u00e7lar, u\u00e7aklar, devlet hastaneleri i\u00e7in hastane yataklar\u0131, ofis ekipmanlar\u0131, temizlik hizmetleri vb. <\/p>\n Yat\u0131r\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri<\/strong> \u2013 firmalar\u0131n al\u0131mlar\u0131na ve stoklar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fikliklere dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130hracat<\/strong> \u2013 \u015firketlerin raporlar\u0131na g\u00f6re.<\/p>\n \u0130thalat<\/strong> \u2013 g\u00fcmr\u00fck raporlar\u0131na g\u00f6re.<\/p>\n Verilerin \u00e7o\u011fu HLM\u2019nin y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6rneklere dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n B\u00fcy\u00fcme<\/strong> \u2013 \u00f6rne\u011fin, GSY\u0130H 1. y\u0131lda 100 NIS ve 2. y\u0131lda 105 NIS oldu\u011funda, GSYH\u2019nin %5 b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yleriz.<\/p>\n Negatif b\u00fcy\u00fcme<\/strong> \u2013 \u0130kinci y\u0131lda GSY\u0130H k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011funda, GSY\u0130H\u2019n\u0131n geriledi\u011fini veya GSYH\u2019de negatif b\u00fcy\u00fcme<\/strong> oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleriz.<\/p>\n \u00dclkedeki herhangi bir i\u015f biriminin (limited \u015firket, ortakl\u0131k, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, esnaf vb.) her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 GSYH\u2019ye dahildir. GSY\u0130H parayla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in, finansal \u00f6deme gerektirmeyen faaliyetleri GSY\u0130H\u2019ye dahil etme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur, \u00f6rne\u011fin: bir ev han\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fi, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak \u00f6deme yap\u0131lmadan yap\u0131lan i\u015fler ve ayr\u0131ca bir tesisat\u00e7\u0131ya makbuz olmadan \u00f6deme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 vb. Ayr\u0131ca GSY\u0130H\u2019ya herhangi bir Devlet bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve t\u00fcm kanatlar\u0131ndaki kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn faaliyetleri de dahildir. <\/p>\n GSYH teorik olarak ayn\u0131 sonuca ula\u015fan 2 farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemle hesaplanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\nUlusal katma de\u011fer<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
\n
GSY\u0130H hesaplamas\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Maa\u015f ve kar\u0131 birle\u015ftiren bir \u00f6rnek:<\/strong><\/h4>\n
C \u00fclkesinin GSY\u0130H\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 iki \u015fekilde hesaplamak<\/strong><\/h4>\n
[mks_highlight color=\u201d#eeee22\u2033]GSMH = milli gelir = kullan\u0131mlar[\/mks_highlight]<\/h2>\n
kaynaklar ve kullan\u0131mlar<\/strong><\/h3>\n
kaynaklar<\/strong><\/h4>\n
\n
kullan\u0131r<\/strong><\/h4>\n
\n
[mks_highlight color=\u201d#eeee22\u2033]GSY\u0130H + ithalat = \u00f6zel t\u00fcketim + kamu t\u00fcketimi + yat\u0131r\u0131mlar + ihracat[\/mks_highlight]<\/h3>\n
[mks_highlight color=\u201d#eeee22\u2033]GSY\u0130H = \u00f6zel t\u00fcketim + kamu t\u00fcketimi + yat\u0131r\u0131mlar + [ihracat \u2013 ithalat][\/mks_highlight]<\/h3>\n
Modern \u00fclkelerde GSY\u0130H<\/strong><\/h2>\n
GSY\u0130H\u2019n\u0131n faydal\u0131 hesaplanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bilgi kaynaklar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u0130srail\u2019in son y\u0131llardaki GSY\u0130H verileri<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n\n
\n Toplam GSYH<\/u><\/td>\n Yakla\u015f\u0131k 400 milyar dolar<\/u><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u00f6zel t\u00fcketim<\/td>\n yakla\u015f\u0131k %55\u2019ini olu\u015fturur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n kamu t\u00fcketimi<\/td>\n yakla\u015f\u0131k %23\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n yat\u0131r\u0131mlar<\/td>\n yakla\u015f\u0131k %22\u2019sini olu\u015fturur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n i\u00e7e aktarmak<\/td>\n yakla\u015f\u0131k %30\u2019unu olu\u015fturur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n ihracat<\/td>\n yakla\u015f\u0131k %30\u2019unu olu\u015fturur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n ihracat-ithalat<\/td>\n yakla\u015f\u0131k %0\u2019\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Toplam br\u00fct maa\u015flar<\/td>\n yakla\u015f\u0131k %70\u2019ini olu\u015fturur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Firmalar\u0131n toplam br\u00fct kar\u0131<\/td>\n yakla\u015f\u0131k %30\u2019unu olu\u015fturur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n tekrar ve m\u00fckemmellik<\/strong><\/h2>\n
![\"Tam\"](\"http:\/\/live-msl.local\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/tamag_lenefesh.png\" "\\"Tam\\"")
<\/p>\n