{"id":281684,"date":"2024-12-23T02:56:18","date_gmt":"2024-12-23T02:56:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gfssite.local\/kredi-piyasasi-kredi-piyasasina-ayrintili-bir-bakis\/"},"modified":"2024-12-23T02:56:18","modified_gmt":"2024-12-23T02:56:18","slug":"kredi-piyasasi-kredi-piyasasina-ayrintili-bir-bakis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/globalfinanceschool.com\/tr\/kredi-piyasasi-kredi-piyasasina-ayrintili-bir-bakis\/","title":{"rendered":"Kredi piyasas\u0131 – kredi piyasas\u0131na ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kredi piyasas\u0131n\u0131n benzersizli\u011fi<\/h2>\n

T\u00fcm pazarlarda bir \u00fcr\u00fcnle ilgilendi\u011fimizde onu sat\u0131n al\u0131r\u0131z. Kredi piyasas\u0131nda al\u0131c\u0131 ve sat\u0131c\u0131 yoktur. Bor\u00e7lular ve bor\u00e7lular var. E\u011fer paran\u0131z yoksa bor\u00e7 alabilirsiniz. Fazla paran\u0131z varsa bor\u00e7 alabilirsiniz. Bor\u00e7 verenden bor\u00e7 alana ge\u00e7en para miktar\u0131na \u201cana para\u201d denir. Kredi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bor\u00e7 veren,<\/a> bor\u00e7ludan faiz talep eder. Faiz, paran\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6denen parad\u0131r. Hatta faiz oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 0\u2019a d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde insanlar \u00e7ok fazla bor\u00e7 almak isteyecekler. Faiz oranlar\u0131 tavan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise insanlar biraz bor\u00e7 almak isteyecek. Asl\u0131nda kredi piyasas\u0131 daire kiralama piyasas\u0131na benzer.<\/strong><\/p>\n

a\u00e7\u0131klama<\/h3>\n

\u0130lgi kelimesi, iki terimin k\u0131saltmas\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in zaman zaman kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa neden olur:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. faiz oran\u0131.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. faiz miktar\u0131.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Faiz oran\u0131<\/strong><\/a> \u2013 paran\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6denmesi gereken anaparan\u0131n y\u00fczdesi<\/strong> olarak ifade edilir. Faiz miktar\u0131<\/strong> \u2013 paran\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6denmesi gereken para miktar\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> ifade eder. Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda faiz kelimesi faiz oran\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmekte olup, tam vadeli faiz oran\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong> kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterece\u011fiz. <\/p>\n

    Krediler i\u00e7in talep ve arz e\u011frileri<\/h2>\n

    E\u011fri eksenleri:<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    X ekseni \u2013 kredi tutarlar\u0131 (NIS cinsinden)
    \n Y ekseni \u2013 faiz oran\u0131 (%)<\/p>\n

    [mks_col]<\/p>\n

    [mks_one_half]\"Kredi[\/mks_one_half]<\/p>\n

    [mks_one_half]<\/p>\n

    talep e\u011frisi<\/h3>\n

    Talep e\u011frisi,<\/a> faiz oran\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak halk\u0131n bor\u00e7lanma arzusunu \u00f6zetlemektedir. Faiz oran\u0131 ne kadar y\u00fcksek olursa, o kadar az bor\u00e7 almak isteyeceklerdir. E\u011frinin sembol\u00fc:<\/strong> D E\u011frinin rotas\u0131:<\/strong> soldan sa\u011fa do\u011fru iner. <\/p>\n

    [\/mks_one_half]<\/p>\n

    [\/mks_col]<\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/p>\n

    [mks_col]<\/p>\n

    [mks_one_half]\"Kredi[\/mks_one_half]<\/p>\n

    [mks_one_half]<\/p>\n

    arz e\u011frisi<\/h3>\n

    Arz e\u011frisi,<\/a> faiz oran\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak halk\u0131n bor\u00e7lanma arzusunu \u00f6zetlemektedir. Faiz oran\u0131 ne kadar y\u00fcksek olursa, o kadar \u00e7ok bor\u00e7 almak isteyeceklerdir. E\u011frinin sembol\u00fc:<\/strong> S E\u011frinin rotas\u0131:<\/strong> soldan sa\u011fa do\u011fru y\u00fckselen. <\/p>\n

    [\/mks_one_half]<\/p>\n

    [\/mks_col]<\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/p>\n

    Talep ve arz e\u011frilerinin rotas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndaki mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 geni\u015fletece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

    denge noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

    Arz ve talep e\u011frilerinin bulu\u015fma noktas\u0131<\/a> denge noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak bu noktada belirlenen faiz oran\u0131nda talep arza e\u015fit olur. <\/p>\n

    Denge noktas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndeki veya alt\u0131ndaki durumun resmi<\/h4>\n

    Senaryo 1<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Faiz oran\u0131 bir denge noktas\u0131ndan, \u00f6rne\u011fin %1\u2019den d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011funda, halk 4\u00c7 (b noktas\u0131) \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde kredi almak (= kredi talebi) ve ayn\u0131 zamanda kredi vermek (= kredi) ister. arz) sadece 1 Q (a noktas\u0131) kadard\u0131r, yani talep arzdan (Q4-Q1) kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. <\/p>\n

    Faiz oran\u0131 bir denge noktas\u0131ndan y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funda, \u00f6rne\u011fin %20 oldu\u011funda, kamu 3. \u00c7eyrek (d noktas\u0131) kadar kredi vermek isterken ayn\u0131 zamanda sadece 2. \u00c7eyrek (c noktas\u0131) kadar kredi almak ister. ), yani arz talepten (Q3-Q2) miktar\u0131 kadar fazlad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

    \"Kredi<\/p>\n

    Kamu hem talebin hem de arz\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r<\/h3>\n

    Not: Kamu terimi \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Bireyler, \u015fu \u015fekilde an\u0131l\u0131r: hane halk\u0131.<\/li>\n
    2. \u00c7e\u015fitli \u015firketler ve \u015firketler, \u015fu \u015fekilde an\u0131l\u0131r: Firmalar.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Her an halk\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 krediye ihtiya\u00e7 duyarken, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da paras\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fkalar\u0131na bor\u00e7 vermek istiyor. Bir \u00f6zel ki\u015finin (baz\u0131 hane halk\u0131) veya bir firman\u0131n ayn\u0131 anda hem bor\u00e7 alan hem de bor\u00e7 veren oldu\u011fu pek \u00e7ok durum vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bankada tasarruf plan\u0131 olan (yani tefeci konumunda olan) ki\u015filer, bir yandan da bir daire veya araba sat\u0131n almak i\u00e7in kredi<\/a> alm\u0131\u015flar. <\/p>\n

      Faizin kredi talebine etkisi<\/h2>\n

      d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck faiz oran\u0131<\/h4>\n

      Faiz oran\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fin y\u00fczde 1\u2019e d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde hem hane halk\u0131 hem de firmalar aras\u0131nda kredi alma iste\u011fi art\u0131yor. Hane halk\u0131 aras\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle sat\u0131n alman\u0131n ana finansman kayna\u011f\u0131 kredi olan ev ve araba gibi pahal\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kredi alma iste\u011fi artt\u0131. Firmalar aras\u0131nda i\u015fin geni\u015fletilmesi ve geli\u015ftirilmesi (ekipman, makine ve bina al\u0131m\u0131) i\u00e7in kredi alma iste\u011fi artt\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok firma i\u00e7in krediler, i\u015f geni\u015fletmenin \u00f6nemli bir finansman kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n

      y\u00fcksek faiz oran\u0131<\/h4>\n

      Faiz oranlar\u0131 y\u00fckseldi\u011finde hane halk\u0131, ba\u015fta pahal\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnler olmak \u00fczere \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik kredi miktar\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131rken, ayn\u0131 zamanda firmalar da i\u015flerini b\u00fcy\u00fctmeye y\u00f6nelik toplam kredi miktar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      Faizin kredi arz\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisi<\/h2>\n

      y\u00fcksek faiz oran\u0131<\/h4>\n

      Faiz oranlar\u0131 y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funda \u00e7o\u011fu hane, \u00f6zellikle daire ve araba gibi pahal\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcketime y\u00f6nelik para miktar\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r ve bunu y\u00fcksek faiz oranlar\u0131 ald\u0131klar\u0131 krediler sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nlendirir. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle para, \u00fcr\u00fcn sat\u0131n almaktan kredi sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nlendiriliyor. (=kredi arz\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131) Ayn\u0131 zamanda firmalar da yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 azaltarak paray\u0131 kendilerine y\u00fcksek faiz getiren kredilere y\u00f6nlendirmeyi tercih etmektedirler. (= kredi arz\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmak) <\/p>\n

      d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck faiz oran\u0131<\/h4>\n

      Faiz oran\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011funda halk, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 faizin \u201ck\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck para\u201d olmas\u0131 nedeniyle kredi vermek i\u00e7in ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 paray\u0131 azalt\u0131r ve bunu \u00fcr\u00fcn sat\u0131n almak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131r. Firmalar da ayn\u0131 nedenlerle i\u015flerini b\u00fcy\u00fctmek ad\u0131na krediye ayr\u0131lan para miktar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmay\u0131 tercih ediyor. <\/p>\n

      Kredi paras\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fczergah\u0131<\/h3>\n

      Kredi<\/a> verilmesine y\u00f6nelik paran\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 genel halktan (hane halk\u0131 + firmalar) gelir, \u00e7o\u011fu durumda krediler bankalar\u0131n (ve di\u011fer mali kurulu\u015flar\u0131n) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da banka dedi\u011fimiz her yerde di\u011fer finansal kurumlar\u0131 da kastediyoruz. <\/p>\n

      Halktan bankalara para ak\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/h3>\n

      Halk\u0131n para fazlas\u0131 olan bir k\u0131sm\u0131, paras\u0131n\u0131 bir nevi faiz kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bankalara bor\u00e7 veriyor. Bankalar, halk\u0131n paraya ihtiyac\u0131 olan di\u011fer kesimlerine, onlara k\u00e2r sa\u011flayacak daha y\u00fcksek bir faiz oran\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bor\u00e7 veriyor. Bankalar\u0131n halka \u00f6dedi\u011fi faiz oran\u0131 ile halktan uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 faiz oran\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki farka faiz marj\u0131<\/strong> denir. <\/p>\n

      Halk\u0131n bankalara kredi verme yollar\u0131<\/h3>\n

      1. Bankalardaki mevduatlar<\/h4>\n

      Halk paras\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli yollarla bankalara yat\u0131r\u0131yor. Her para yat\u0131rma asl\u0131nda kredinin verilmesidir. Ana yollar \u015funlard\u0131r: <\/p>\n