{"id":119774,"date":"2024-12-11T11:26:39","date_gmt":"2024-12-11T11:26:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gfssite.local\/finansin-temelleri-temel-bilgiler\/"},"modified":"2024-12-11T11:26:39","modified_gmt":"2024-12-11T11:26:39","slug":"finansin-temelleri-temel-bilgiler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/globalfinanceschool.com\/tr\/finansin-temelleri-temel-bilgiler\/","title":{"rendered":"Finans\u0131n Temelleri – Temel Bilgiler"},"content":{"rendered":"


\nF\u0130NANSIN TEMELLER\u0130<\/span><\/h2>\n

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Finans\u0131n Temelleri hem kurumsal hem de ki\u015fisel finans \u00fczerinde etkilidir. \u201cFinans\u201d kelimesi genellikle \u201c\u00f6zellikle h\u00fck\u00fcmet veya b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketler taraf\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda paran\u0131n y\u00f6netimi\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir. Ancak bu sadece temel bir tan\u0131md\u0131r. \u00d6nce finans\u0131n kurumsal d\u00fcnyada kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda nelerden olu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6relim. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Genel Arka Plan<\/span><\/h2>\n

Finans, \u015firketler veya h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Her hane kendi finansman\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmek zorundad\u0131r, bu da masraflar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmalar\u0131, paran\u0131n nereden gelece\u011fini ve ne zaman ne kadar harcayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 bilmeleri gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Hangi varl\u0131klar\u0131 yaratt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da bilmeleri gerekir. Bu genel olarak finansal y\u00f6netim olarak adland\u0131r\u0131labilir. Kurumsal finansman, sermaye piyasalar\u0131 ve yat\u0131r\u0131mlar olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer iki segmentten olu\u015fur. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Finansal y\u00f6netim, hangi varl\u0131klar\u0131n in\u015fa edilece\u011fine, bu varl\u0131klar\u0131n sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l finanse edilece\u011fine karar vermekle ilgilidir. De\u011ferini en \u00fcst d\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131karmak amac\u0131yla \u015firketin i\u015fleyi\u015finin y\u00f6netimini de i\u00e7erir. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Sermaye Piyasalar\u0131<\/span><\/h2>\n

Sermaye piyasalar\u0131, bu durumda, hisse senedi ve tahvillerin faiz oranlar\u0131n\u0131n ve fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan anlam\u0131na gelir. Sermaye Piyasalar\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda bankalar, yat\u0131r\u0131m kurumlar\u0131, yat\u0131r\u0131m fonlar\u0131, sigorta \u015firketleri ve borsa komisyoncular\u0131 gibi yat\u0131r\u0131m yapacak paras\u0131 olanlar\u0131n bilgisi ile de ilgilidir. <\/span><\/p>\n

Bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli segment, \u00e7e\u015fitli ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in fonlara ihtiya\u00e7 duyabilecek \u015firketlerin ve bu sermaye i\u00e7in \u00f6demeye raz\u0131 olabilecekleri faizlerin incelenmesidir. Ard\u0131ndan, bankalar\u0131 kontrol eden Federal Rezerv Sistemi ve hisse senedi ve tahvillerin al\u0131m sat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen SEC gibi devlet kurumlar\u0131 var. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Yat\u0131r\u0131m \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, hisse senedi ve tahvillerin incelenmesi ve \u015firket i\u00e7in karl\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yat\u0131r\u0131m i\u00e7in nas\u0131l birle\u015ftirilmesi gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Ayr\u0131ca, hisse senetlerinin ve tahvillerin hareketini incelemek i\u00e7in borsalar\u0131n yak\u0131ndan izlenmesini de i\u00e7erir. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00dc\u00e7 dal olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, birinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, di\u011fer ikisinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olmadan tamamlanm\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmaz. Herhangi bir finans \u00f6\u011frencisine \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc de \u00f6\u011fretilir ve bunlarla ilgilenen \u00e7e\u015fitli pozisyonlardan herhangi birinde i\u015flere haz\u0131rlan\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Faiz \u00f6demesi nedir<\/span><\/h2>\n

Faiz \u00f6demesi genellikle, bu paray\u0131 kullanmak i\u00e7in tahsil edilebilecek veya \u00f6denebilecek toplam tutar\u0131n bir y\u00fczdesinin \u00f6denmesi anlam\u0131na gelir. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Bir bor\u00e7lu i\u00e7in faiz, belirli bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in kendisine \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 verilecek para i\u00e7in \u00f6deyece\u011fi y\u00fczde anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu s\u00fcrenin sonunda hem bor\u00e7 al\u0131nan paray\u0131 hem de bor\u00e7lanma an\u0131nda belirlenen orandaki faizi \u00f6demek zorundad\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Bir yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 i\u00e7in, bankalara park etti\u011fi veya sigorta ve yat\u0131r\u0131m fonlar\u0131 gibi di\u011fer finansal ara\u00e7lara yat\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu paray\u0131 kullanarak kazanaca\u011f\u0131 miktar\u0131n y\u00fczdesi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Kurumsal bir finans y\u00f6neticisi olarak her ikisini de bilmesi gerekir. \u015eirket, sermaye mallar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesi veya sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bor\u00e7 para alacak ve bu da bir faize tabi olacakt\u0131r. \u015eirket ayr\u0131ca, kendisine faiz kazand\u0131rabilecek \u00e7e\u015fitli kurumlara para yat\u0131racak. \u0130ki de\u011fer aras\u0131nda bir dengeye varmak zorundad\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Finans Teorisi Nedir?<\/span><\/h2>\n

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Finans teorisi, i\u015fletmelerin ve bireylerin kendi kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in para toplaman\u0131n farkl\u0131 yollar\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesini i\u00e7erir. Ayr\u0131ca, bu t\u00fcr yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n i\u00e7erdi\u011fi riskleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak \u00e7e\u015fitli projelere veya yat\u0131r\u0131mlara paran\u0131n nas\u0131l tahsis edilece\u011fini de inceler. Ayr\u0131ca varl\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00f6netmenin, riskleri de\u011ferlendirmenin ve paray\u0131 y\u00f6netmenin yollar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc De\u011fer <\/span><\/h2>\n

Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc de\u011fer, gelecekteki bir tarihte gerekli tutar\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in bug\u00fcn yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmam\u0131z gereken tutar\u0131n de\u011ferini tan\u0131mlar. Faiz oranlar\u0131n\u0131 ve bu paran\u0131n hangi s\u00fcre i\u00e7in yat\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilerek, gelecekte ne alaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bilebiliriz. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, tersi de hesaplanabilir. Gelecekteki bir tarihte ihtiya\u00e7 duyaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z para miktar\u0131n\u0131 bilirsek, bug\u00fcn yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken miktar\u0131 hesaplayabiliriz. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Yat\u0131r\u0131m se\u00e7eneklerini de\u011ferlendirirken bug\u00fcnk\u00fc de\u011feri bilmek \u00f6nemlidir. Bir faturada indirim yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131na karar vermede de yararl\u0131d\u0131r. Bir faturan\u0131n iskonto edilmesi, faturan\u0131n vade tarihi ileri bir tarihte olsa bile sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n an\u0131nda para almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Mevcut de\u011feri hesaplama form\u00fcl\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir <\/span><\/p>\n

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PV = CF \/(1+r)n <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Burada \u201cPV\u201d Mevcut De\u011ferdir. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cCF\u201d, gelecekteki nakit alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cr\u201d periyodik faiz oran\u0131d\u0131r ve <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cn\u201d periyot say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

F\u0130NANSIN TEMELLER\u0130 Finans\u0131n Temelleri hem kurumsal hem de ki\u015fisel finans \u00fczerinde etkilidir. \u201cFinans\u201d kelimesi genellikle \u201c\u00f6zellikle h\u00fck\u00fcmet veya b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketler taraf\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda paran\u0131n y\u00f6netimi\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir. Ancak bu sadece temel bir tan\u0131md\u0131r. \u00d6nce finans\u0131n kurumsal d\u00fcnyada kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda nelerden olu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6relim. Genel Arka Plan Finans, \u015firketler veya h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Her hane kendi finansman\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmek […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9274,"featured_media":128786,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11451],"tags":[12961,12960,12959],"course-author":[],"course-level":[],"course-type":[],"class_list":["post-119774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kisisel-finans","tag-finans-teorisi","tag-finansin-temelleri","tag-sermaye-piyasalari"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalfinanceschool.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119774","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalfinanceschool.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalfinanceschool.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalfinanceschool.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9274"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalfinanceschool.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119774"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/globalfinanceschool.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119774\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalfinanceschool.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/128786"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalfinanceschool.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119774"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalfinanceschool.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=119774"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalfinanceschool.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=119774"},{"taxonomy":"course-author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalfinanceschool.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/course-author?post=119774"},{"taxonomy":"course-level","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalfinanceschool.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/course-level?post=119774"},{"taxonomy":"course-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalfinanceschool.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/course-type?post=119774"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}